Bird is a member of the group of vertebrate animals (vertebrates) that have feathers and wings. The oldest bird fossil found in Germany and known as Archaeopteryx.
The types of birds is so varied, ranging from the tiny hummingbird to the ostrich, which is higher than men. It is estimated there are about 8800-10200 bird species around the world, about 1,500 species of which are found in Indonesia. Various species of birds are scientifically classified into the class Aves.
Although birds are warm-blooded, he is closely related to reptiles. Together with the nearest relatives, tribe Crocodylidae aka crocodile family, birds form a group of animals called Archosauria.
It is estimated that birds evolved from some kind of reptile in the past, which shortened his front paws and feathers to grow specifically in the body. At first, primitive wings which is the development of front claws that can not be used to actually fly, and just helped him to be suspended from a height to a lower place.
Today's birds have evolved in such a way that is specialized to fly away, with the exception of some kind of primitive. Feathers, especially on the wing, has been growing ever wider, lighter, stronger and tiered meeting. The feathers are also tiered in such a way so as to resist water, and maintain the bird's body kept warm in the cold. Bones become lighter because of the air cavities in it, but still strong support the body. Chest bones grow larger and flattened, as the attachment for the flight muscles strong. His teeth were gone, replaced by the half light of the substance horn.
All this makes the birds easier and more clever fly, and was able to visit various habitats on earth. Hundreds of bird species found in tropical forests, they inhabit these forests from the coast to the tops of the mountains. Birds are also found in swamps, grasslands, coastal beaches, the ocean, the caves of the rock, urban, and polar regions. Each type of adapting to the environment and its main food.
Then known various kinds of birds of different colors and shapes. There's a bright color bright or jet black, leaf green, dark brown or mottled to disguise, and others. There's a strong beak to tear meat (Eagle), a loud crunch fruit seed (Bird Manyar), pointed to spear fish (Bird Kormoran), flattened to filter sludge (Duck), wide to catch flying insects (Bird ordinary eyeglasses), or a little longer to suck nectar ('Ō'ō Kaua'i). Some have sharp claws for grasping prey, claws climbing trees, soil and litter-digging claws, paws webbed for swimming, strong claws to run and rip the belly of his enemy.
Birds reproduce by laying eggs. Egg bird-like reptile eggs, only harder because the calcareous shell. Some bird species such as birds and bird maleo charred, hoarding their eggs in sandy soil mixed with litter, hot sand beaches, or near a hot spring. Instead of brooding, the birds are letting the natural heat from decaying leaves, hot sun, or geothermal incubate the eggs, just like most reptiles.
But most birds making nests, and incubate their eggs in the nest with mengeraminya it. Nests can be made simply from a pile of grass, twigs, or stones, or just kaisan in sandy soil to slightly curved, so the eggs are laid are not easily overturned. But there is also the kinds of birds that make nests in a complex and beautiful, or unique, such as the types Manyar aka tempua, hornbills, swallow, and namdur.
Children newly hatched birds are generally still weak, so it must be warmed and fed food by its parent. Except in the types of charred birds, where the children live independently in the bird looking for food and protection. Son of charred birds can be run some time after hatching, even some are already able to fly.
The types of birds generally have a ritual in pairs respectively. This ritual is a process to find and attract a partner, usually performed by male birds. Some specific types, such as peacocks and paradise, the males do a kind of dance to attract the female. While the birds mate with attractive males Manyar exhibit half-made nest. When the female is willing, it will be continued nest construction by male birds to perfect: but when the females are not pleased, it is discarded or nest abandonment.
Bird has provided tremendous benefits in human life. Several species of birds such as chickens, turkeys, geese and ducks have been domesticated long time and is an important source of protein, meat or eggs.
In addition, people also keep birds for pleasure and competition. Examples are birds dove, turtledove, rock thrush and others. Eagles often maintained also for prestige, for show, and for sport hunting. Many bird species have been increasingly rare in nature, because humans hunted for the sake of trade.
Besides bird population also continues to shrink due to the destruction of bird habitat due to human activities. Therefore, some of many bird species have now been protected, either by international law or by regulations of Indonesia. Some nature reserves and national parks are also built to protect the birds in Indonesia.
The nice thing, in recent years has grown birdwatching activities (Birdwatching) among the youth and students. Activities that foster admiration and love of the types of birds that fly freely in nature, as well as pioneering the research skills of nature - especially the bird life - among the young generation.
The types of birds is so varied, ranging from the tiny hummingbird to the ostrich, which is higher than men. It is estimated there are about 8800-10200 bird species around the world, about 1,500 species of which are found in Indonesia. Various species of birds are scientifically classified into the class Aves.
Although birds are warm-blooded, he is closely related to reptiles. Together with the nearest relatives, tribe Crocodylidae aka crocodile family, birds form a group of animals called Archosauria.
It is estimated that birds evolved from some kind of reptile in the past, which shortened his front paws and feathers to grow specifically in the body. At first, primitive wings which is the development of front claws that can not be used to actually fly, and just helped him to be suspended from a height to a lower place.
Today's birds have evolved in such a way that is specialized to fly away, with the exception of some kind of primitive. Feathers, especially on the wing, has been growing ever wider, lighter, stronger and tiered meeting. The feathers are also tiered in such a way so as to resist water, and maintain the bird's body kept warm in the cold. Bones become lighter because of the air cavities in it, but still strong support the body. Chest bones grow larger and flattened, as the attachment for the flight muscles strong. His teeth were gone, replaced by the half light of the substance horn.
All this makes the birds easier and more clever fly, and was able to visit various habitats on earth. Hundreds of bird species found in tropical forests, they inhabit these forests from the coast to the tops of the mountains. Birds are also found in swamps, grasslands, coastal beaches, the ocean, the caves of the rock, urban, and polar regions. Each type of adapting to the environment and its main food.
Then known various kinds of birds of different colors and shapes. There's a bright color bright or jet black, leaf green, dark brown or mottled to disguise, and others. There's a strong beak to tear meat (Eagle), a loud crunch fruit seed (Bird Manyar), pointed to spear fish (Bird Kormoran), flattened to filter sludge (Duck), wide to catch flying insects (Bird ordinary eyeglasses), or a little longer to suck nectar ('Ō'ō Kaua'i). Some have sharp claws for grasping prey, claws climbing trees, soil and litter-digging claws, paws webbed for swimming, strong claws to run and rip the belly of his enemy.
Birds reproduce by laying eggs. Egg bird-like reptile eggs, only harder because the calcareous shell. Some bird species such as birds and bird maleo charred, hoarding their eggs in sandy soil mixed with litter, hot sand beaches, or near a hot spring. Instead of brooding, the birds are letting the natural heat from decaying leaves, hot sun, or geothermal incubate the eggs, just like most reptiles.
But most birds making nests, and incubate their eggs in the nest with mengeraminya it. Nests can be made simply from a pile of grass, twigs, or stones, or just kaisan in sandy soil to slightly curved, so the eggs are laid are not easily overturned. But there is also the kinds of birds that make nests in a complex and beautiful, or unique, such as the types Manyar aka tempua, hornbills, swallow, and namdur.
Children newly hatched birds are generally still weak, so it must be warmed and fed food by its parent. Except in the types of charred birds, where the children live independently in the bird looking for food and protection. Son of charred birds can be run some time after hatching, even some are already able to fly.
The types of birds generally have a ritual in pairs respectively. This ritual is a process to find and attract a partner, usually performed by male birds. Some specific types, such as peacocks and paradise, the males do a kind of dance to attract the female. While the birds mate with attractive males Manyar exhibit half-made nest. When the female is willing, it will be continued nest construction by male birds to perfect: but when the females are not pleased, it is discarded or nest abandonment.
Bird has provided tremendous benefits in human life. Several species of birds such as chickens, turkeys, geese and ducks have been domesticated long time and is an important source of protein, meat or eggs.
In addition, people also keep birds for pleasure and competition. Examples are birds dove, turtledove, rock thrush and others. Eagles often maintained also for prestige, for show, and for sport hunting. Many bird species have been increasingly rare in nature, because humans hunted for the sake of trade.
Besides bird population also continues to shrink due to the destruction of bird habitat due to human activities. Therefore, some of many bird species have now been protected, either by international law or by regulations of Indonesia. Some nature reserves and national parks are also built to protect the birds in Indonesia.
The nice thing, in recent years has grown birdwatching activities (Birdwatching) among the youth and students. Activities that foster admiration and love of the types of birds that fly freely in nature, as well as pioneering the research skills of nature - especially the bird life - among the young generation.
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